Rosa Menkman is a Dutch artist and researcher, focusing on the noise artifacts that result from accidents in both analogue and digital media (such as glitch, encoding, and feedback artifacts). These artifacts can facilitate an important insight into the otherwise obscure alchemy of standardization via resolutions. This process of imposing efficiency, order and functionality does not just involve the creation of protocols and solutions but also entails black-boxed, obfuscated compromises, and alternative possibilities that are in danger of staying forever unseen or even forgotten.